为高精度还原舰体表面形态与空间结构，提出基于点云数据的舰体三维重构和优化方法。该方法通过一线激光雷达采集舰体点云数据，基于俯仰角转换式将二维扫描数据转换为带距离信息的三维点云，将其输入到OpenGL内，通过 Delaunay 三角剖分法实现点云数据的网格划分；针对原始点云数据的冗余问题，进行点云平滑处理，减少模型冗余顶点，实现舰体三维重构优化。实验结果表明，该方法获取的点云数据清晰呈现舰船轮廓，空间分辨率高；重构后的三维模型外形逼真、细节完整，舰体平滑处理拟合优度达 99.94，顶点合并后冗余节点数百分比显著降低且波动幅度减小，且优化效果较强。
In order to restore the surface morphology and spatial structure of ship hull with high precision, a method of 3D reconstruction and optimization of ship hull based on point cloud data is proposed. In this method, point cloud data of ship hull is collected by first-line laser radar, and two-dimensional scanning data is converted into three-dimensional point cloud with distance information based on pitch angle conversion, which is input into OpenGL, and the grid division of point cloud data is realized by Delaunay triangulation method. Aiming at the redundancy problem of the original point cloud data, the point cloud is smoothed to reduce the redundant vertices of the model and realize the three-dimensional reconstruction optimization of the hull. The experimental results show that the point cloud data obtained by this method clearly presents the outline of the ship and has high spatial resolution. The reconstructed 3D model has realistic appearance and complete details, and the goodness of fit of hull smoothing reaches 99.94. After vertex merging, the percentage of redundant nodes is significantly reduced and the fluctuation amplitude is reduced, and the optimization effect is strong.
2025,47(13): 172-175 收稿日期：2024-7-23
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.13.030
分类号：U662.2
作者简介：吴杨婷(1983-),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向为三维重构与建模、点云数据处理、VR/AR可视化技术及数字孪生
参考文献：
[1] 汪骥, 柳丛, 李瑞, 等. 基于点云目标检测算法的船体分段合拢面构件识别方法[J]. 船舶工程, 2024, 46(7): 19-25,89.
[2] 闫宏生, 白超迪, 贾同宇, 等. 逆有限元法在船体加筋板结构变形重构中的应用[J]. 中国造船, 2023, 64(1): 168-179.
[3] 宋俊芳, 孙彬, 蒲媛媛, 等. 基于激光点云数据的叶片型面三维重构[J]. 计量学报, 2023, 44(2): 171-177.
[4] 冯肖维, 杜光皓, 赵一平, 等. 点云鲁棒低秩联合估计重构[J]. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2023, 35(9): 1344-1352.
[5] 何庆, 付彬, 王启航, 等. 基于雷视融合的轨道三维点云重构研究[J]. 北京交通大学学报, 2024, 48(5): 69-77.
[6] 樊文刚, 吴昌昕, 吴志伟, 等. 尖轨复杂型面激光测量与三维重构方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(23): 329-340.
[7] 赵慧洁, 李宇曦, 姜宏志, 等. 复杂光照条件下的高精度三维成像技术[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2023, 60(8): 268-279.
