智能弹药是近年来迅速发展的一种飞行器，集侦察、打击、评估等多功能于一体，使用成本低、作战部署灵活、探测拦截难，显著提升了对目标的打击精度与能力，成为俄乌冲突中的重要武器，引起各军事强国的高度重视。本文从智能弹药的3个飞行阶段入手，综合考虑水面典型目标速度快、隐蔽性强、移动无规律的特点，梳理出智能弹药完成水面典型目标识别跟踪任务的关键技术，包括智能弹药目标识别技术、智能弹药目标跟踪技术和智能弹药飞行制导技术，分析了当前水面典型目标识别跟踪场景下的智能弹药技术研究应当关注的若干发展方向，以期为智能弹药水面典型目标识别跟踪体系研究提供技术参考与支撑。
Intelligent ammunition is an aircraft that has rapidly developed in recent years. Intelligent ammunition integrates multiple functions such as reconnaissance, attack, and assessment. It has low usage costs, flexible combat deployment, and is difficult to detect and intercept. It has significantly enhanced the strike accuracy and ability against targets and has become important weapons in the Russia-Ukraine conflict, attracting great attention from major military powers. This paper starts with the three flight stages of intelligent ammunition, comprehensively considering the characteristics of fast speed, strong concealment, and irregular movement of typical targets on the water surface. It summarizes the key technologies for intelligent ammunition to complete the task of identifying and tracking typical targets on the water surface, including intelligent ammunition target recognition technology, intelligent ammunition target tracking technology, and intelligent ammunition flight guidance technology. It analyzes several development directions that should be paid attention to in the current research of intelligent ammunition technology in the context of identifying and tracking typical targets on the water surface, in order to provide technical reference and support for the research of intelligent ammunition water surface typical target recognition and tracking system.
2025,47(20): 14-20 收稿日期：2025-1-17
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.20.003
分类号：U674
作者简介：陈延伟(1971-),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向为武器发射技术
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