针对细长体冰下发射过程中结构物载荷特性、空泡演化特性以及层冰动态响应等关键问题，提出了一种基于结构化任意拉格朗日欧拉（Structure-Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian, S-ALE）方法的数值模型，用于模拟高速细长体穿越层冰的动态行为特性。首先，通过与落球冲击实验结果对比，校准了冰材料的塑型失效应变和截断压力。其次，利用高速水下弹丸出水实验对S-ALE流固耦合模型的准确性进行了验证。最后，对高速细长体冰下发射进行数值模拟，对细长体的速度变化与空泡演化特性进行了研究，剖析了细长体与层冰碰撞过程中层冰损伤的演变，探讨了不同冰厚对细长体水下发射破冰过程的载荷特性以及能量变化的影响。结果表明，细长体完全穿越层冰时，无冰环境下速度损失率为9.7%，有冰环境下则高达36.3%；随着冰厚度增加，0.15 m厚冰的载荷峰值和吸收能量分别为0.05 m厚冰的4.13倍和3.14倍，表明冰厚度增加会提升层冰的载荷抵抗与能量吸收能力。研究结果可为冰区水下装备设计提供理论支撑。
In view of the problems such as the load characteristics of the structure, the cavitation evolution characteristics, and the dynamic response of the level ice itself during the under-ice launch process of the slender body, a numerical model for the high-speed slender body penetrating the level ice was proposed based on the Structured-Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (S-ALE) method. Firstly, by comparing with the results of the falling ball impact experiment, the relevant parameters of the ice material were calibrated. Secondly, the accuracy of the S-ALE fluid-structure interaction model was verified by the ice-free water emergence experiment of the high-speed underwater projectile. Finally, numerical simulations were carried out for the under-ice launch of the high-speed slender body. The velocity change and cavitation evolution characteristics of the slender body were studied. The evolution of level ice damage during the collision process between the slender body and the level ice was analyzed. Additionally, the influence of different ice thicknesses on the load characteristics and energy changes of the ice-breaking process during the underwater launch of the slender body was explored. The results indicate that when the slender body completely traverses the level ice, the velocity loss rate in an ice-free environment is 9.7%, while in an ice environment, the velocity loss rate reaches 36.3%. As ice thickness increases, the peak load and absorbed energy for 0.15 m thick ice are 4.13 times and 3.14 times greater, respectively, than those for 0.05 m thick ice. This demonstrates that thicker ice significantly enhances load resistance and energy absorption capacity. These findings provide critical insights for the design of underwater equipment in ice-covered regions.
2025,47(20): 38-43 收稿日期：2024-10-29
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.20.006
分类号：U661.4
基金项目：江苏省自然科学基金青年基金资助项目（BK20200998）
作者简介：宋明(1988-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为极地船舶
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