管壳式换热器作为舰船核动力装置重要的换热传导装置，研究壳侧各流程的热流特性，有助于剖析其相互作用机制，并对管壳换热器进行优化设计。本文基于计算流体动力学（CFD）方法，对具有板-壳和板-管间隙、折流板间距和缺口高度的传统单段折流板管壳式换热器壳程热流特性进行系列仿真对比分析研究。研究发现，板-壳间隙和板-管间隙最大允许值下，旁路泄漏流程A和E占总壳程流通量的34%～40%，平均流速分别降低23%和30%，表面热交换率系数分别降低了35%和13%；阻滞区受折流板间距和缺口高度的共同影响，当折流板之间通流截面面积大于折流板缺口的截面面积时，阻滞区增加；阻滞区相对宽度在Hw/Lb≥0.85时为16%～18%，且变化较小；而当，Hw/Lb<0.85时，其相对宽度急剧增加至约40%。
As an important heat transfer device in naval nuclear power plants, the study of the heat flow characteristics of each process on the shell side of the shell and tube heat exchanger helps to analyze the interaction mechanism of each process and optimize the design of the shell and tube heat exchanger. This article is based on the finite element numerical simulation method of fluid dynamics, and conducts a series of simulation comparative analysis on the heat flow characteristics of the shell side of a traditional single-stage baffle tube shell heat exchanger with plate shell and plate tube clearances, baffle spacing, and notch height. This study found that under the maximum allowable values of plate shell gap and plate tube gap, bypass leakage processes A and E accounted for 34% to 40% of the total shell side flow flux, with average flow velocities reduced by 23% and 30%, respectively, and energy efficiency coefficients reduced by 35% and 13%, respectively. The blocking zone is jointly affected by the spacing between the baffle plates and the height of the gap. When the cross-sectional area of the flow passage between the baffle plates is greater than the cross-sectional area of the gap between the baffle plates, the blocking zone increases; The relative width of the blocking zone is 16%～18% when Hw/Lb,with little variation. and 40% when Hw/Lb<0.85.
2025,47(20): 140-145 收稿日期：2024-10-16
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.20.021
分类号：U664.2
基金项目：国防科技基础加强计划173重点项目（2023-173ZD-147）
作者简介：蔡尚峰(1990-),硕士,副教授,研究方向为船舶动力装置优化
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