为探究船舶横摇阻尼特性及其流动机理，本文针对某巴拿马型集装箱船（DTC）模型，开展了零航速下自航模强制横摇运动的数值模拟研究。计算基于STAR-CCM+软件平台，采用非定常雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯（URANS）方法，结合SST k-ω湍流模型求解粘性流场，并运用重叠网格技术实现船体六自由度运动。通过设置7种不同幅值的正弦激励力矩，模拟了横摇从幅值增长至稳态的全过程。数值结果与试验数据对比误差小于3%，验证了模型的可靠性。研究结果表明，横摇阻尼随横摇幅值增大而增加，且幅值增长阶段的等效阻尼系数显著大于稳态阶段。流场可视化分析揭示，舭部旋涡的生成强度及附着范围与横摇角速度正相关，直接影响能量交换与阻尼耗散。此外，上一周期残留的旋涡会通过改变压力分布与背景速度场，对当前横摇运动产生持续影响，这证实了流动记忆效应的存在。本研究为深入理解横摇阻尼的非线性特性及其流动记忆效应提供了数值依据。
To investigate the characteristics and underlying flow mechanisms of ship roll damping, numerical simulations of forced rolling motion for a self-propelled Panamax container ship model (DTC) at zero forward speed were conducted. The simulations were performed using the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) approach coupled with the SST k-ω turbulence model in the STAR-CCM+ software, with overset grids employed to handle the six-degree-of-freedom hull motion. Seven different amplitudes of sinusoidal excitation torque were applied to simulate the entire process from amplitude growth to steady roll. The numerical results agree well with experimental data, with errors within 3%, confirming the model's reliability. The results show that roll damping increases with larger roll amplitudes, and the equivalent damping coefficient during the amplitude-growth stage is significantly higher than that in the steady stage. Flow field visualization reveals that the strength and attached area of bilge vortices are positively correlated with the roll angular velocity, directly governing the energy exchange and damping dissipation. Furthermore, vortices remaining from the previous cycle persistently influence the current roll motion by modifying the pressure distribution and background velocity field, demonstrating the existence of a flow memory effect. This study provides a numerical basis for a deeper understanding of the nonlinear behavior of roll damping and the associated flow memory effects.
2026,48(5): 11-17 收稿日期：2025-12-19
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.05.002
分类号：U661.1
基金项目：水动力学全国重点实验室基金资助项目（450324100K3035AA00）
作者简介：职本(2002-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为船舶水动力学
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