针对现有密封方式难以解决船舶尾轴密封因特殊工况导致的泄漏难题，设计一种带挡板结构的组合式磁流体密封装置。利用有限元数值法分析磁流体密封间隙内的磁场分布特性并计算其理论耐压值，通过单因素分析方法研究密封间隙、极齿高度、极齿宽度和齿槽宽度对耐压性能的影响，运用响应面优化方法对装置结构进行优化设计。结果表明：初始结构的耐压值为0.166 MPa；耐压值随密封间隙增大而减小，随极齿高度、极齿宽度和齿槽宽度的增大呈现出先快速上升后趋于稳定的非线性特征；优化后结构参数为密封间隙0.1 mm、极齿高度2.6 mm、极齿宽度1.1 mm、齿槽宽度3 mm，耐压值达到0.333 MPa，较优化前提升100.6%，超出工况要求值122%，满足船舶尾轴密封的工程应用需求。
In view of the fact that the existing sealing method is difficult to solve the leakage problem caused by the special working conditions of the stern shaft seal, a combined magnetic fluid sealing device with baffle structure was designed. The finite element numerical method was used to analyze the magnetic field distribution characteristics in the magnetic fluid seal gap and calculate the theoretical pressure resistance value, and the influence of the sealing gap, tooth height, tooth width and cogging width on the pressure resistance performance was studied by single factor analysis, and the response surface optimization method was used to optimize the design of the device structure. The results show that the withstand voltage value of the initial structure is 0.166 MPa, and the withstand pressure value decreases with the increase of sealing clearance, and shows the nonlinear characteristics of rapid increase and then stability with the increase of tooth height, tooth width and cogging width. After optimization, the structural parameters are 0.1 mm sealing clearance, 2.6 mm tooth height, 1.1 mm tooth width, 3mm cogging width, and the pressure resistance value reaches 0.333 MPa, which is 100.6% higher than that before optimization, and exceeds the required value of working conditions by 122%, which meets the engineering application requirements of ship stern shaft sealing.
2026,48(5): 80-86 收稿日期：2025-6-16
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.05.013
分类号：U66；TH136
基金项目：四川省国际港澳台科技创新合作项目（2024YFHZ0338）
作者简介：王超(2001-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为磁流体密封技术
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