为了拓展纵振式水声换能器的工作带宽以及提高发射电压响应值，研究一种曲状辐射头的三激励纵振式水声换能器。通过COMSOL有限元软件的设计与仿真分析，研究不同材料的辐射头及各类结构尺寸对水声换能器性能的影响。仿真结果发现当辐射头材料选择硬铝，压电陶瓷片材料选择PZT-4，金属质量块的材料选择45钢时，可以获得一个较大的发射电压响应；在结构尺寸优化方面，通过改变水声换能器各结构尺寸确定最优的参数。优化后水声换能器的最大发射电压响应值为174 dB，在31.92～53.37 kHz之间，发射电压响应起伏可以控制在3 dB以内，可用带宽为21.45 kHz；在23.17～54.09 kHz之间，发射电压响应起伏可以控制在9 dB以内，可用带宽为30.92 kHz。发射电压响应值保持在146 dB左右。经过试验测试，发射电压响应的测试平均值要比仿真值低5～6 dB，整体保持在140 dB左右，但是可用工作带宽有所增加，在28～55 kHz之间，发射电压响应起伏可以控制在3 dB以内，在22.5～56.5 kHz之间，发射电压响应起伏可以控制在9 dB以内。
In order to expand the working bandwidth of longitudinal acoustic transducers and improve the transmission voltage response value, a three excitation longitudinal acoustic transducer with a curved radiating head was studied. Through the design and simulation analysis of COMSOL finite element software, the influence of radiation heads made of different materials and various structural dimensions on the performance of underwater acoustic transducers was studied. The simulation results showed that when hard aluminum was selected as the radiation head material, PZT-4 as the piezoelectric ceramic sheet material, and 45 steel as the metal mass block material, a larger emission voltage response could be obtained; In terms of optimizing structural dimensions, the optimal parameters are determined by changing the structural dimensions of the underwater acoustic transducer. The maximum transmission voltage response value of the optimized underwater acoustic transducer is 174 dB, ranging from 31.92 kHz to 53.37 kHz. The fluctuation of the transmission voltage response can be controlled within 3 dB, and the available bandwidth is 21.45 kHz. Between 23.17 kHz and 54.09 kHz, the fluctuation of the transmission voltage response can be controlled within 9 dB, and the available bandwidth is 30.92 kHz. The response value of the transmission voltage remains around 146 dB. After experimental testing, the average test value of the transmission voltage response is 5-6 dB lower than the simulation value. The overall response value remains around 140 dB, but the available working bandwidth has increased. Between 28 kHz and 55 kHz, the fluctuation of the transmission voltage response can be controlled within 3 dB, and between 22.5 kHz and 56.5 kHz, the fluctuation of the transmission voltage response can be controlled within 9 dB.
2026,48(5): 109-114 收稿日期：2025-6-30
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.05.017
分类号：U666.74
基金项目：江苏省重点研发计划资助项目（BE2019002-2）；连云港521科研资助项目（LGY06521202217）
作者简介：陈劲松(1977-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为海洋工程
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