船舶航行过程中易遭遇跌落冲击等复杂载荷，导致自动识别系统（Automatic Identification System，AIS）信号失真。为解决上述问题，首先探究跌落冲击下AIS信号失真机理，提出机械结构防护+自适应信号补偿一体化抗冲击技术方案，机械结构层面通过柔性适配、刚性防护与分级缓冲设计强化链路抗冲击能力，在算法层面上设计失真实时检测、自适应幅值-相位补偿及轻量化丢包重传优化策略。最后通过跌落冲击实验验证技术有效性，确定最优补偿参数组合。实验结果表明，最优参数G=1.6、ω2=0.5、α=0.6下，AIS信号误码率降至2.3%、信噪比达20.3 dB、相位偏移控制在2.0°，可有效抑制冲击诱发的信号失真。
Ships are susceptible to encountering complex loads such as fall impacts during navigation, leading to signal distortion of the Automatic Identification System (AIS). To address this issue, first, the mechanism of AIS signal distortion under fall impacts is explored, and an integrated anti-impact technical scheme combining mechanical structure protection and adaptive signal compensation is proposed. At the mechanical structure level, the anti-impact capability of the link is enhanced through flexible adaptation, rigid protection, and hierarchical buffer design. At the algorithm level, real-time distortion detection, adaptive amplitude-phase compensation, and a lightweight packet loss retransmission optimization strategy are designed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed technology is verified through drop impact experiments, and the optimal compensation parameter combination is determined. Experimental results show that under the optimal parameters (G=1.6, ω2=0.5, α=0.6), the bit error rate (BER) of the AIS signal is reduced to 2.3%, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reaches 20.3 dB, and the phase offset is controlled within 2.0°, which can effectively suppress signal distortion induced by impacts.
2026,48(5): 122-126 收稿日期：2025-8-11
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.05.019
分类号：U665.26
作者简介：李宇(1989-),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向为信号检测与处理及通信技术
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