航运业在支撑全球贸易的同时，伴随大量SOx、NOx和CO2排放，带来严峻的环境与气候挑战。本文结合最新数据与政策，综述船舶尾气减排技术及发展趋势。脱硫方面，分析了低硫燃油替代、开环/闭环及混合式海水脱硫、电解脱硫等工艺的机理与适用性；脱硝方面，比较了选择性催化还原（SCR）、废气再循环（EGR）及吸附法的性能差异与限制；脱硫脱硝一体化方面，探讨了臭氧氧化吸收法和低温等离子体法的应用特点；脱碳方面，评估了液化天然气、绿色甲醇、氨、氢等清洁燃料，以及燃烧前、富氧燃烧与燃烧后碳捕集及利用（CCUS）技术的可行性。结合IMO最新温室气体减排战略，指出燃料多元化、尾气处理系统集成化及碳捕集利用优化将是实现航运业绿色低碳转型的关键方向。
While the shipping industry underpins global trade, it is also a major source of SOx, NOx, and CO2 emissions. This paper reviews current ship exhaust emission reduction technologies and development trends. For desulfurization, the applicability of low-sulfur fuel substitution, open/closed-loop and hybrid seawater scrubbing, and electrochemical desulfurization are analyzed. For denitrification, the performance differences of selective catalytic reduction (SCR), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and adsorption methods are compared. For integrated SOx and NOx removal, the principles and characteristics of ozone oxidation-absorption and low-temperature plasma methods are discussed. For decarbonization, the feasibility of clean fuels such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), green methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen, as well as carbon capture and utilization (CCUS) are assessed. Based on the IMO's latest greenhouse gas reduction strategy, fuel diversification, integrated exhaust gas treatment systems, and optimized CCUS will be key to achieving a green and low-carbon transition in the shipping sector.
2026,48(5): 170-176 收稿日期：2025-5-14
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.05.027
分类号：U676.3
基金项目：浙江省“领雁”计划项目（2023C03156）
作者简介：刘含笑(1987-),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为工业烟气治理及双碳技术研发
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