舰船航行环境存在强电磁干扰、颠簸振动、温湿度波动等复杂工况，导致高精度加速度计采集信号存在适应性差、信号失真等问题。设计由加速度计、抗干扰前端调理、高精度ADC转换、隔离式数据传输及主控模块组成的信号采集系统，提出CNN-LSTM混合去噪与注意力机制误差补偿联合模型，在匀速航行、加速转向2种典型工况下开展验证，对比分析所提模型的性能。实验结果表明，设计的采集系统可稳定适配舰船恶劣工况，所提联合模型的信噪比提升量（ΔSNR）与信号失真度（THD）指标均显著优于改进卡尔曼滤波和改进小波阈值去噪算法，具备优异的噪声抑制与信号还原能力。
The marine navigation environment is characterized by complex operating conditions such as strong electromagnetic interference, bumpy vibration, and temperature-humidity fluctuations, resulting in poor adaptability of the collected signals and signal distortion for high-precision accelerometers. A signal acquisition system comprising an accelerometer, anti-interference front-end conditioning module, high-precision ADC conversion module, isolated data transmission module, and main control module is designed. Meanwhile, a combined model integrating CNN-LSTM hybrid denoising and attention mechanism-based error compensation is proposed. Validation experiments are conducted under two typical marine operating conditions (constant-speed navigation and acceleration-turning), and the performance of the proposed model is comparatively analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the designed acquisition system can stably adapt to harsh marine operating conditions, and the proposed combined model significantly outperforms the improved Kalman filtering and improved wavelet threshold denoising algorithms in terms of signal-to-noise ratio improvement (ΔSNR) and total harmonic distortion (THD), exhibiting excellent noise suppression and signal restoration capabilities.
2026,48(5): 201-205 收稿日期：2025-8-22
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.05.032
分类号：U665.26；TN911.7
作者简介：黄同(1980-),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向为船舶控制信号处理与嵌入式系统融合等
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