为了实现水下航行器低频振动噪声控制，基于局域共振声子晶体理论提出了一种附加悬臂结构的局域共振筏架，采用有限元方法探究了局域共振筏架的带隙形成机理，分析了悬臂偏置角、长度、宽度等参数对带隙特性的影响规律，并基于水下航行器尾部仓段开展了局域共振筏架与常规筏架的减振降噪效果对比研究。研究结果表明，局域共振筏架在92.1～289.4 Hz范围内形成了局域共振带隙，且带隙起止频率随悬臂偏置角和长度的增大而向低频延拓，随悬臂长度和厚度的增大而向高频偏移。安置了局域共振筏架的水下航行器尾部舱段壳体振动响应降低8.9 dB，水下辐射噪声下降5.9 dB。局域共振筏架对于低频振动噪声控制具有显著效果，可为水下航行器减振降噪设计提供支撑。
In order to control the low-frequency vibration and noise of underwater vehicle, a locally resonant raft frame with cantilever structure was proposed based on the theory of locally resonant phononic crystal. The finite element method was employed to investigate the bandgap formation mechanism of the locally resonant raft. The effects of parameters such as cantilever offset angle, length, and width on bandgap characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, a comparative study was conducted on the vibration and noise reduction of the locally resonant raft versus a conventional raft, using the stern cabin of an underwater vehicle. The results demonstrate that a local resonance bandgap forms in the frequency range of 92.1–289.4 Hz. The bandgap edges exhibit shifts to lower frequencies with an increase in the cantilever offset angle and length, and to higher frequencies with an increase in the cantilever length and thickness. The vibration response of the stern cabin shell of the underwater vehicle with the local resonance raft frame is reduced by 8.9dB, and the underwater radiated noise is reduced by 5.9dB. The local resonance raft has a significant effect on the control of low-frequency vibration and noise, which can provide support for the vibration and noise reduction design of underwater vehicles.
2026,48(6): 18-24 收稿日期：2025-8-22
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.06.003
分类号：U661.44
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52471322）
作者简介：汤旸(1997-),男,博士研究生,研究方向为船舶振动噪声控制
参考文献：
[1] 何琳, 徐伟. 舰船隔振装置技术及其进展[J]. 声学学报, 2013, 38(2): 128-136
HE L, XU W. Naval vessel machinery mounting technology and its recent advances[J]. Acta Acustica, 2013, 38(2): 128-136
[2] 李步云, 帅长庚, 马建国. 低频非线性浮筏隔振装置设计及特性研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(3): 86-92
LI B Y, SUAI C G, MA J G. Design a-nd characteristics of low-frequency nonlin-ear floating raft vibration isolation device[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2024, 43(3): 86-92
[3] 张华良, 瞿祖清, 傅志方. 浮筏隔振系统各主要参数对系统隔振性能的影响[J]. 振动与冲击, 2000(2): 7-10+6+92
ZHANG H L, QU Z Q, FU Z F. The effects of parameters of floating raft isolation system on its isolation characteristics[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2000(2): 7-10+6+92
[4] JISI H, YANG T, HAICHAO L, et al. Vibrat-ion characteristics analysis of composite floating rafts for marine structure based on modal superposition theory[J]. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 2021, 60(1): 719-730
[5] 王红利, 殷学文, 丁虎. 基于非线性能量汇胞元的浮筏隔振结构减重研究[J]. 振动工程学报, 2024, 37(10): 1739-1746
WANG H L, YIN X W, DING H. Weight reduction design of floating raft vibration isolation structure by using nonlinear energy sink cell[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2024, 37(10): 1739-1746
[6] 王禹, 蔡龙奇, 赖建永, 等. 反应堆系统泵类设备浮筏隔振设计及筏架参数敏感性分析[J]. 核动力工程, 2023, 44(S2): 50-54
WANG Y, CAI L Q, LAI J Y, et al. Floating raft vibration isolation design and sensitivity analysis of raft parameters for pumps in reactor system[J]. Nuclear Power Engineering, 2023, 44(S2): 50-54
[7] LIU Z, ZHANG X, MAO Y, et al. Locally resonant sonic materials [J]. Science, 2000, 289 (5485): 1734–1736.
[8] 温熙森. 声子晶体 [M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2009: 19–52.
[9] 夏兆旺, 苏战发, 朱庭国, 等. 船舶动力设备截断式桁架浮筏减振特性研究[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2023, 43(2): 259-264+271
XIA Z W, SU Z F, ZHU T G, et al. Study on vibration reduction properties of truncated truss floating rafts for marine power plants[J]. Noise and Vibration Control, 2023, 43(2): 259-264+271
[10] WANG Z, MAK M C. Optimization of geo-metrical parameters for periodical structure-es applied to floating raft systems by genetic algorithms[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2018, 129: 108-115
[11] 郭彭, 周奇郑, 王德石, 等. 局域共振浮筏隔振系统的低频隔振性能研究[J]. 动力学与控制学报, 2023, 21(7): 59-67
GUO P, ZHOU Q Z, WANG D S, et al. Research on low-frequency vibration isolation performance of locally resonant floating raft vibration isolation system[J]. Journal of Dynamics and Control, 2023, 21(7): 59-67
[12] 程尧舜. 弹性力学基础[M]. 上海: 同济大学出版社, 2009.
[13] 陈鼎康, 李欣欣, 李应刚, 等. 局域共振船体板架超结构低频隔振特性研究[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2023, 43(5): 221-226
CHEN D K, LI X X, LI Y G, et al. Low frequency vibration isolation characteristics of hull grillage metastructures with local resonators[J]. Noise and Vibration Control, 2023, 43(5): 221-226
[14] WU L, GENG Q, LI Y. A locally reso-nant elastic metamaterial based on coupled vibration of internal liquid and coating la-yer [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration , 2020, 468: 115102.
[15] 訾欢, 李应刚, 胡蜜, 等. 周期性舰船夹芯板弯曲波带隙与减振降噪研究[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2023, 18(2): 81-89
ZI H, LI Y G, HU M, et al. Flexural wave bandgap and isolation characteristics of vibration and sound in periodic sandwich plates[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2023, 18(2): 81-89
[16] LI Y, ZHOU Q, ZHOU L, et al. Flexural wave band gaps and vibration attenuation characteristics in periodic bi-directionally orthogonal stiffened plates[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2019, 178: 95-103
[17] 庞福振. 船舶结构噪声截断模型数值预报方法研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2012.
